1. What is the mission, philosophy, and conceptual framework of the ACC ADN program?
- Prepare students for professional nursing career

2. What does the statement “Nursing is an art and science” mean?
- Evidence based care + compassion and care

3. What does it mean that nursing is a profession? What does it mean that nurses need to exhibit professionalism? 
- Having professional organization that set standard
- Behavior, communication, body language

4. How would you define nursing?


5. What is nursing ethics? What is the purpose of the nursing code of ethics?
- Advance patient interest, accountable for own practice, effective patient advocate

6. How does the Nurse Practice Act legally guide nursing practice?
- Set minimum education requirement 

7. What does it mean that nurses’ function only in their legal “Scope of Practice”?
- Only perform what is legally allowed under their license

8. What is the difference in clinical reasoning, critical thinking, and clinical judgment? 
How do each of these assist you in providing safe nursing care?
- Clinical reasoning = collect cue, process info, understand situation, plan intervention, evaluate outcome, reflect and learn
- Critical thinking = interpret and evaluate information to derive judgment through organizing data
- Clinical judgment = thought process based on objective/subjective information

9. What are the five steps of the nursing process? 
What are examples of nursing activities related to each of these steps.
- Assessment, analysis, planning, inplementation, evaluation

10.   What competencies assist the nurse in providing safe nursing care? Explain these competencies in detail. 
§   Cognitive competencies = offer scientific rationale
§   Technical skills/Psychomotor competencies = physical and technical skill
§   Interpersonal competencies = communicate
§   Ethical and legal competencies = responsibility

11.   What are the safety measures for all skills including the correct process / steps for entering and exiting a patient’s room? 
- Entry & exit measure

12.   How do you introduce yourself?
- ACC nursing student

13. What National Patient Goal is related to patient identification?
What are the two main identifiers used to identify a patient? 
If a patient is unconscious, how would you identify the patient? 
If the patient was an infant, how would identify the patient? 
- Use at least 2 identifier
- Name, DOB
- Medical record number
- Medical record number, mother name, DOB



1. What are the causes of a health-care related infection? 
What measures can be done to decrease the spread of HAI’s?
What does TJC in the national patient safety goal 7 suggest to decrease HAI?
- Invasive procedure, antibiotic administration, MDRO, break in infection prevention
- Implement evidence-based practice
- Monitor MDRO prevention process and outcome

2. What is medical asepsis?
- Control of pathogen, protection of host, control of reservoir/portal/transmission

3. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious agents? 
What are other measures to prevent infection?
- Hand hygiene
- Surgical asepsis

4. How is hand hygiene defined by the CDC? Does handwashing kill microorganisms?
- Overall practice of cleaning hand to prevent spread of pathogen

5. When is hand hygiene performed?
- Before and after patient contact 

6. When is it appropriate for nurses to use antiseptic hand wash versus alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene?
- ?

7. What is the correct technique in performance of hand hygiene? What are the three items needed to perform hand hygiene? 
What is the cleanest part of the hands? The dirtiest? 
- ?

8. What are the components of standard precautions (Tier 1)? 
When are standard precautions utilized?
- Hand hygiene, PPE
- For all hospitalized patient

9. What are the components of Transmission-based precautions (Tier 2)?
§  Airborne = N95 mask
§  Droplet = goggle
§  Contact
§  Protective Environment Precautions

10. What is included when setting up an isolation environment?
- Private room, air pressure, precaution sign

11. How does each of the following items of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) minimize the exposure to infectious material?
§ Gloves = hand
§ Gowns = body
§ Masks = airway
§ Protective eyewear = eye, mucous

12. What is the correct technique in utilization of the above personal protective equipment?
What is the correct order and technique when applying PPE?
How does the order change with removal? What is the rationale?
- Gown, mask, goggle, glove
- Glove, goggle, gown, mask

13. What measures are implemented in the safe handling and disposing of supplies, in specimen collection, and in transporting patients?
- ?



1. What is HIPAA? What rights does a patient have? 
What measures should a nurse implement to prevent breaches in patient confidentiality? 
- Protect employee from losing health insurance when changing job, confidentiality to patient information
- Log off, no patient info in email, trashing patient info, speaking loud, fax, speaker phone

2. What is the HITECH Act? What does this act ensure? 
What are the measures used to protect patients when using electronic communication and social media?
- HIPAA + personal health information
- No information on social media, no disclosure unless permitted by patient

3. Define communication.
- Interaction between people

4. How does communication help the nurse establish a caring relationship? 
Reduce errors? Improve patient satisfaction?
- Patient focused
- Professionalism

5. What are ways people communicate verbally? Non-verbally?
- Spoken, written
- Touch, posture, sound, eye, face

6. What are important aspects of verbal communication?
- Vocabulary (layman's term = easy everyday language)
- Connotative meaning, pacing, tone, clarity, brevity, timing, relevance

7. What are elements of professional communication?
- Courtesy, name use, trust, autonomy & responsibility, assertiveness

8. What are guidelines when using touch?
- Personal nature of touch & cultural sensitivity

9. What is important for the nurse to do when using active listening? 

10. What is the purpose of documentation/ medical record?
- SURETY = sit, uncross limb, relax, eye contact, touch, your intuition

11. What are the legal guidelines for documentation?
- Electronic & paper
- Accurate, professional, ethical

12. What is the electronic health record (EHR)? 
What are some examples of the information collected in the EHR? 
What is the difference between and EHR vs. electronic medical record (EMR)? 
What are strategies for safe computer charting?
- Digital collection of medical information stored in computer
- Demographic, medical history, medication, allergy, immunization, vital sign, billing
- EMR = single care provider, EHR = multiple care provider
- ?

13. What are the legal regulations related to a patient’s medical record? 
Who is allowed to look at this record?
- Related healthcare professional and those permitted by patient

14. Why is confidentiality important and how is it maintained?
- Not disclosing personal health information to unauthorized personnel

15. How does using a standardized form of communication such as SBAR improve communication between shifts among healthcare members?
What are the components of SBAR? 
How does each of the components impact communication?
- Provide consistent method for hand-off communication, decrease miscommunication
- Situation, backbround, assessment, recommendation
- Ask qustion, background info relevant to situation, subjective/objective finding

16. Define health informatics. How and why is health informatics important in providing nursing care?
- Interdisciplinary field that use data and technology to improve patient care
- Improve patient care, interoperability among different care provider, stimulate patient education
- Accuracy of document, improve workflow, automation of data



1. Define safety.
- Freedom from psychological and physical injury

2. Why is patient safety of utmost importance?
- Essential for patient's well being, reduce risk, contain healthcare cost, improve patient's functional status

3. How have the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the QSEN competencies and the Joint Commission:
National Patient Safety Goals impacted safe patient care?
- IOM = define patient-centered care
- QSEN = prepare future nurse with necessary quality to improve healthcare outcome
- TJC = evidence-based recommendation that focus on patient identity, communication, medication, prevention of mistake

4. What factors pose a threat to patient safety and risk for falls?
- Age, previous fall, lifestyle, impaired mobility, sensory impairment
- Lack of safety awareness, inadequate lighting, barrier in pathway, loose rug, lack of safety device

5. What safety risks are associated with falls in a health care agency?
- Medication change, new environment, sleep deprivation, strength deterioration

6. What measures/assessment tools are used in assessing for risk for fall or injury?
- Hendrich II fall model

7. What measures are included in preventing falls in the home? In a health care facility?
- Position of medical equipment and furniture, item within reach, trip hazard, assistive device
- Lighting, bed position, equipment, unfamiliar environment, cord/tube
- Yellow wristband

8. What are ways that the nurse can protect the patient during a fall?
- Hand rail, keep item within reach, adequate light, bed alarm, patient close to nurse station

9. What are purposes of using a restraining device? When is it appropriate to use a restraint?
- Protect confused or violent patient
- Last resort, only with hard copy order from HCP

10. How have the following legal / ethical guidelines impacted the use of restraints?
- Physician order is required, state type/location/duration of restraint, remove periodically

11. Legally, a nurse can use a restraint ONLY if they have tried all alternatives prior to use of a restraint.
What are those alternatives to use of a restraint?
- Frequent observation, social interaction, patient close to nurse station
- Familiar or meaningful stimulus, item from home, bed alarm system

12. What are the differences between physical and chemical restraints? 
What are types of physical restraints? 
When would each of these devices be used? Give rationale.
- Wrist/ankle/elbow/mitten/belt restraint (no more vest) vs. sedative/anxiolytic

13. What safety measures are followed when using restraints?
- Current HCP order, time limit, inform patient, last resort

14. What information is appropriate to document when applying restraints?
- Behavior that required restraint, alternate measure tried, condition of body part restrained, restraint type

15. What is a sentinel event? What is a complication of using restraining devices?
- Unexpected occurrence involving death or injury

16. What is the correct technique in application of an extremity restraint?
- Wrap with soft side toward skin, secure snugly in place, 2 finger space



1. What is body mechanics? Why is it important for nurses to use proper body mechanics?
- Coordinate effort of musculoskeletal and nervous system
- To prevent yourself from injury

2. What is body alignment? Why is it important to maintain proper body alignment?
- Positioning of joint, tendon, ligament, muscle while standing, sitting, lying
- Reduce strain on body, aid adequate muscle tone, promote comfort

3. What techniques does the nurse utilize to avoid musculoskeletal strain and injury to self?
- Get help when moving patient, use patient handling device, manual lifting as last resort

4. What are the types of positions that a patient may be placed in and techniques to provide correct alignment.
- Supine, fowler, lateral, sims, prone

5. What are common devices used to promote correct patient alignment?
- Pillow, sheet, positioning boot, mechanical lift, friction reducing sheet

6. What are the recommended guidelines when moving, lifting and transferring a patient when:
- 

7. What equipment is available to aid in transferring, repositioning, and lifting patients?
- 

8. What is the purpose of dangling? How would you assist a patient to dangle?
- Accustom patient to change in position
- Help patient to sitting position at side of bed and let leg dangle for several minute

9. How would the nurse assist a patient to ambulate or walk?
- Assess patient condition, evaluate environment, dangle, gait belt, 

10. What should the nurse do to maintain the safety of a patient during a fall?
- One foot in front of other, extend one leg, patient slide against leg, lower patient, protect head

11. What is the rationale for performing ROM exercises on a patient?
- Ensure adequate joint mobility to facilitate patient's return to maximum functional ability

12. What assessment should be done prior to performing ROM? 
What might cause a nurse to stop performing ROM?
- Medical diagnosis, capability, contraindicated movement, pain medication, understand intruction, help needed
- Patient is in pain or faint

13. What is the difference between active and passive range of motion exercises?
- Activated voluntarily vs. manual movement​