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1. What are various factors that affect personal hygiene?
- Social practice
- Personal preference
- Body image
- Socioeconomic status
- Health belief and motivation
- Cultural variable
- Developmental stage
- Physical condition

2. What are the purposes of giving a bath and providing skin care?
- Good hygiene = good health
- Maintain clean body
* No body odor
* Remove sweat/bacteria/dead skin cell
* Minimize irritation and infection
- Promote comfort and relaxation
- Promote range of motion = move body extremity while bathing
- Stimulate circulation = distal to proximal for venous return
- Improve self image
- Strengthen nurse-patient relationship
- Provide chance for assessment

3. When would the nurse choose to use a shower, assisted bath, or a bed bath?
- Based on patient mobility = move independently / move partially / immobile

4. What assessments are important when providing back care? 
Why do you massage the back?
- Provide chance to observe skin (especially skin over bony prominence)
* Check and avoid reddened area
- Promote relaxation, relieve muscle tension, decrease pain perception

5. In addition to promoting a sense of well-being, why is providing oral hygiene important?
- Prevent deterioration of oral cavity

6. How does the nurse provide denture care? 
What is the most important safety measure?
- Hold denture over sink with washcloth and use lukewarm water
- Use gauze to remove and hold denture, carry in container

7. How is oral hygiene different for the unconscious patient? 
What is the risk factor? 
How is safety maintained?
- Patient cannot rinse, spit, communicate
- Aspiration
- Turn patient lateral, turn head to side and downward, prepare suction equipment

8. Why do you wipe the eyes from inner to outer canthus?
- Clean to dirty = prevent introducing pathogen to lacrimal duct

9. How is eye care different for the unconscious patient?
- Use artifical tear or normal saline every 4 hour to lubricate eye = prevent corneal ulceration
- Eye may be taped shut

10. What safety measures are followed when providing ear care? 
What special measures are appropriate when the patient has a hearing aid?
- Do not use small object to clean ear wax
- Volume off, wipe with dry cloth, insert, volume on, volume check

11. What is the purpose of providing hair care? 
How do you care for hair that is matted and tangled? 
What are methods of shampooing hair?
- Keep hair clean & stimulate blood circulation to scalp
- Braid hair to decrease matting
- Hand held nozzle if patient can stand, dry shampoo for patient in bed, hair washing tray

12. What direction do you shave a male face? 
How do you prepare the male face prior to shaving?
Who is not a candidate for use of a safety razor for shaving? Why?
- Shave in direction of hair growth in short stroke
- Place warm cloth on face to soften hair
- Use electric razor if patient is on anticoagulent or diabetic

13. Are nurses allowed to cut a patient’s toenails? 
How would the nurse teach the patient’s or patient’s family to cut toenails? Why?
- No, evaluate patient and get help from specialist
- Teach patient to cut straight across to prevent ingrown toenail

14. In what direction is the perineal area in a male and female patient cleansed? Why? 
How do you clean the area if they have a catheter?
- Front to back = prevent carrying pathogen from anal to genital area
- Wear glove, clean meatus first, start at urethral opening and clean outward

15. When is the use of a condom catheter advocated? 
How is the condom catheter applied? 
What are important safety precautions to be followed? 
Where is the bedside drainage bag attached on the bed?
- Voluntary control of urination is not possible for male patient
- Leave 1-2 inch space from tip of penis
- Ensure tubing is not kinked or twisted
- Hang on bed frame

16. What is the purpose of TED hose? 
What is the first step prior to application? 
Why is it important not to make a band when applying the hose? 
How often are the TED hose removed?
- Prevent thrombus and embolus by providing pressure to different area of leg
- Measure leg length and circumference, then refer to chart for proper size
- No band or wrinkle = provide optimum pressure
- Remove daily, preferably at bath time

17. What are important nursing interventions for a patient with TED hose?
What information is part of the neurovascular assessment? 
How often are the toes assessed?
- Remove daily, preferably with bath
- Assess sensation, wiggle toe, numbness or tingling, color, capillary refill
- Assess lower extremity every shift

18. What is the purpose of pneumatic compression devices?
- Promote venous blood to move from leg to heart

19. What safety measures should the nurse implement to promote bed safety while maintaining patient comfort?
- Lock bed, elevate bed, get help, opposite side rail up, maintain proper body mechanic

20. What are three interventions for promoting bed comfort?
- Psychological = patient feel comfortable and refreshed
- Physiological = crumb and wrinkle cause skin irritation and pressure sore
- Environmental = reservoir of microorganism acquired from patient

21. What is the main reason that asepsis is following when making a bed? 
What are other measures implemented to maintain asepsis?
- To prevent spread of microorganism
- Wear glove, discard soiled linen in bag away from uniform, never shake linen, do not touch hair or cloth

22. How does the nurse maintain proper body mechanics when making a bed?
- Bed at proper height, bend knee, use arm and leg, tighten ab and butt, back straight, foot in direction of movement, do not twist body

23. What cost effective measures can the nurse implement when making a bed?
- Gather supply ahead of time, move furniture away from bed, make one side of bed completely before moving to other side

24. What interventions are appropriate in maintaining respect for the patient when making their bed?
- Provide privacy and comfort = keep patient covered, move gently

25. What is the difference in an occupied bed and an unoccupied; in an open bed versus a closed bed?
How does the nurse decide on the type of bed made?
- Occupied bed = patient assigned, open bed, modified mited corner
- Unoccupied bed = patient unassigned, open/closed bed, fan folded
- Open bed = top sheet and bedspread folded back so patient can easily go in
- Closed bed = sheet and bedspread pulled all way up and pillow on top